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Biography

Personal Details:

Professor Bodhibrata Nag is a distinguished academic and industry professional currently serving as a Professor of Operations Management at the Indian Institute of Management (91��Ƭ��) Calcutta. His academic foundation includes a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering from IIT Madras and a Ph.D./Fellowship in Operations Research and System Analysis from 91��Ƭ��. Academic Leadership and Contributions at 91��Ƭ��: Professor Nag has held numerous significant leadership roles at 91��Ƭ��, including Acting Director, Dean (Academic), Provost & Chairperson of Student Affairs, Chairperson of Doctoral Programs and Research, National Coordinator for the PGPEX-VLM program, and Director of the 91��Ƭ�� Innovation Park. He was instrumental in launching 91��Ƭ��'s successful one-year PGPEX-VLM program (now in its 15th year) and the one-year Advanced Program in Supply Chain Management (now in its 12th year). He has also developed key electives in Operations Research Modeling, Quality Management, Sustainable Supply Chain Analytics, and Project Management, alongside authoring management case studies on major Indian public sector organizations like Indian Railways and Delhi Metro for prominent publishers. Industry Experience: Prior to his 19 years in academia at 91��Ƭ��, Professor Nag accumulated 21 years of significant experience in the transportation and energy sectors. He held senior management positions within the Central Electricity Authority and Indian Railways, including serving as Director at the Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) of the Ministry of Railways. Education, Training, and Certifications: Beyond his core degrees, Professor Nag holds numerous certifications in Operations Management, Logistics, Supply Chain, and Data Sciences from prestigious global institutions such as MIT, Georgia Tech, ESSEC, University of Virginia, Johns Hopkins University, TU Delft, and TU Munich. He also received specialized training in case teaching methods at Harvard Business School and power project design at Electricite de France. Research, Publications, and Consulting: His primary research interests lie in applying analytical techniques to the planning, design, and operation of energy systems, sustainable supply chains, and cybersecurity. Professor Nag has authored two books ("Optimal Design of Timetables for Large Railways," "Business Applications of Operations Research"), co-authored the Indian edition of the classic textbook "Introduction to Operations Research" by Hillier & Lieberman, and published extensively in national and international journals and conference proceedings. He has provided consulting services to major organizations including The World Bank, Deloitte, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, various government ministries (Railways, Health & Family Welfare), the Planning Commission, and the West Bengal Department of Health & Family Welfare. Recognition and Affiliations: Professor Nag has received significant recognition, including being elected a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India) and a Senior Member of IEEE (USA). He was awarded a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Research Fellowship, enabling visiting professorships at the University of Michigan, University of Texas and BNSF Railway. His academic excellence was evident early on, having topped the University and UPSC Engineering Services Examination and secured a high rank in the IIT Joint Entrance Examination. He received the Ministry of Energy Gold Medal for a paper on Power Development and secured First Position in the 2023 Triple Connection Global Educator Challenge. Currently, he mentors a software startup and is empanelled in the Independent Director's databank of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. https://www.linkedin.com/in/bodhibrata-nag-8a7677a3/ https://vidwan.inflibnet.ac.in/profile/56040

Website:

Academics

Academic Background:

• Fellow(PhD), Operations Research & Systems Analysis, 91��Ƭ��, 2003 
  B.Tech, Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, 1983 
   
• Certification and Professional Training:
  • Certificate in Railway Officers Foundation & Induction Course, National Academy of Indian Railways(Vadodara) & Indian Railway Institute of Electrical Engineering (Nasik)
  • Certificate in Contract Management, The World Bank, Washington DC
  • Certificate (with Distinction) in Public Procurement, The World Bank, Washington DC
  • Certificates in Supply Chain Fundamentals, Supply Chain Dynamics, Supply Chain Design, Supply Chain Analytics & Supply Chain Technology and Systems,Advanced Supply Chain Systems Planning and Network Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Center for Transportation & Logistics
  • Certificate in Supply Chains for Manufacturing I, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Leaders for Global Operations Program
  • Certificate in Supply Chain Management Principles, Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech Supply Chain & Logistics Institute)
  • Certificates in Operations Management Fundamentals and Operations Analytics, University of Pennsylvania(Wharton)
  • Certificate in Fundamentals of Revenue Management, ESSEC Business School
  • Certificate in Fundamentals of Project Planning and Management, University of Virginia
  • Certificate in Project Management, International Institute of Projects and Program Management
  • Certificate in Quantitative Methods(Methods and Statistics in Social Sciences), University of Amsterdam
  • Certificate (with Distinction) in R Programming, John Hopkins University (Bloomberg School of Public Health)
  • Certificates in Data Cleaning, Exploratory Data Analysis, Reproducible Research, Statistical Inference,Regression
  • Analysis,Data Product Development & Practical Machine Learning using R, John Hopkins University (Bloomberg School of Public Health)
  • Certificate in Fundamentals of Six Sigma Quality Engineering & Management, Technische Universitat Munchen (Munich)
  • Certificate in Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology
  • Certificate of Completion in course on "History and Future of the University: Leadership and Change" , Ashoka University
  • Training in Case Writing & Course Development, Harvard Business School, Boston
  • Training in Participant Centered Learning Methods, Harvard Business School, Boston
  • Training in Power Electronics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
  • Training in Electrical & Computer Aided Testing, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
  • Training in Power Plant Design Engineering, Electricite de France(Paris) & Alstom(Belfort)
  • Certified Trainer for The Fresh Connection Perishable Product Supply Chain simulation game (Inchainge BV, Netherlands)
  • Certified Trainer for The Blue Connection Circular Business Supply Chain simulation game (Inchainge BV, Netherlands)
  • Certified Trainer for The Triple Connection Sustainable Supply Chain simulation game (Inchainge BV, Netherlands)
  • Certified Independent Director, World Council of Directors & Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs(Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India) empanelled Independent Director (Registration No  IDDB-DI-202408-063840)
  • Trained in AACSB Assurance of Learning(AoL) Standards

 

Courses Taught:

• Operations Research (for MBA & Doctoral students covering Linear Programming, Integer Programming, Network Theory, Dynamic Programming, Goal Programming, AHP, Queuing Theory, Genetic Algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, Queuing Theory, Simulation) 
• Operations Research Modeling (for MBA students covering Supply Chain Network Design, warehouse location and distribution planning, Warehouse order picking models, Vehicle routing models and algorithms, Airlines and courier services network design, Revenue management models using LINGO, AIMMS, CPLEX, AnyLogic and ARENA software)
• Project Management (PGPEX-VLM, PGDBA & MBAEX students) 
• Decision Models and Software (for MBAEX students covering Supply Chain Network Design, warehouse location and distribution planning, Warehouse order picking models, Vehicle routing models and algorithms, Airlines and courier services network design, Revenue management models using LINGO, AIMMS, CPLEX, AnyLogic and ARENA software) 
• Sustainable Supply Chain Analytics (for MBA and MBAEX students using LINGO and CPLEX software)
• Advanced Graph Theory (for Doctoral students covering Euler Tours, Chinese Postman Problem, Hamiltonian Graphs, Travelling Salesman Problem, Matchings and Marriage Problem, Graph Coloring) 
• Quality Management & Six Sigma (for MBAEX students) 
• Simulation Modeling (Doctoral students & MBA students with Simio () simulation software under a grant from Simio LLC) 
• Business Risk Management (MBA) 
• Strategic Game Theory (MBA & MBAEX) 
• Business Mathematics (MBA & MBAEX) 
• Toyota Production System (PGPEX-VLM) 
• R Programming(Doctoral students) 
• Operations Management (XLRI) 
• Data Communication and networking (IRIEEN) 
• Database Management Systems (IRIEEN) 
• Visual Basic & VBA Programming (IRIEEN) 

Regular Sessions on Project Management (including financing and risk management aspects), Operations Management, Supply Chain Management, Procurement, Contracts & Arbitration (including provisions of Indian Contract Act, The Sale of Goods Act, The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, The Information Technology Act), Logistics (including Export-Import procedures, shipping, Incoterms, warehouse design and operation aspects and provisions of Carriers Act, Multimodal Transportation of Goods Act, Indian Bill of Lading Act, Indian Carriage of Goods by Sea Act) , Quality Management, Lean Management, Supply Chain Modelling, Automation in Governance & Government Process Re-engineering (GPR) in various MDPs and In Company Programs offered by 91��Ƭ�� for executives of Indian Police Service, Indian Railway Services, Indian Statistical Service, ONGC, State Electricity Board, National e-Governance Division (Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology), West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation, West Bengal Department of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, NHPC, GAIL, NEEPCO, Ordnance Factory Board, NTPC, Indian Oil Corporation, Bharat Petroleum, Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), Coal India, Flipkart, Taegutec Worldwide, Bharti Airtel, RPG Group, Geological Survey of India, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers, Faculty of Punjab Engineering College University of Technology, Bharat Dynamics Limited, National Textile Corporation, Orient Craft, Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam, Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam, CEAT, Yes Bank, Deutsche Investitions- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (DEG, German Investment Corporation), Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India etc 

Program Director: 

• Training Program on Project Management for Officers of Directorate General of Lighthouses and Lightships (Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways), 2023
• Executive General Management Program for Executives of Accenture 2022-23, 2023-24 & 2024-25
• Long Duration Programs on Advanced Supply Chain Management (a)First Batch: January 2012-January 2013 (b)Second Batch: January 2013-January 2014 (c) Third Batch: January 2014 to January 2015 (d) Seventh Batch: January 2018 - January 2019 (d) Tenth Batch: August 2022 - July 2023 (e) Eleventh Batch: August 2023-July 2024 (f) Twelfth Batch: July 2024-July 2025 
• Management Development Program on Financial Decision Making for WBRS & WBAAS Officers, Dec 2018 
• Management Development Program on Lean Management, Aug 2018 
• Management Development Program on Quality Analytics, Jan 2018 
• Management Development Program on Theory of Constraints & Lean Management, Aug 2017 
• Executive General Management Program for Executives of AstraZeneca, Aug 2017-Sept 2018 
• Advanced Project Management for Scientists of Defence Research and Development Organisation (Ministry of Defence ), Feb-Mar 2017
• Executive General Management Program for Executives of Nestle, Jan 2017- Mar 2018 
• General Management Program for Executives of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation , December 2016 
• Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (Department of Public Enterprises ) sponsored training program on Project Management for Senior Executives of State Level Public Enterprises, August 2015 
• Project Management Across Borders in association with Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation() and Project Management Institute() for Central Public Sector Enterprises, Kolkata and Washington DC, Feb-Mar 2014 
• Management Development Program on Project Management, January 2012 Railway Board() sponsored Executive General Management Program for Indian Railway Service Probationer Officers, April-May 2009 
• Long Duration Program on Supply Chain Management, July 2009-February 2010 
• Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region() sponsored Management Development Program on Customer Orientation in Public Services, July 2009 
• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Ministry of Rural Development ) sponsored Management Development Program for Executives on Maintenance Management, 26-30 October and 9-13 November 2009

Awards:

• Winner of The Triple Connection Global Educator and Trainer Challenge 2023 Around 190 participants from more than 45 companies and 35 universities worldwide battled for the title of supply chain sustainability champion.
• Awarded the "The Union Ministry of Energy-Department of Power" Gold Medal for the best paper published on Power Development and Utilization at the 29th Indian Engineering Congress 2014. 
• Awarded the Fulbright Senior Research Fellowship by United States  – India Educational Foundation() & Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA ) of the U.S. Department of State; Visiting Research Faculty at College of Industrial & Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor(MI ) and Decision Systems Division,BNSF Railway, Fort Worth(TX ) 
• "Best Professor in Operations Management- DNA B-School Innovative Award” ,Mumbai,Feb 2013 
• "Best Professor in Operations Management- CMO Asia Award” , Dubai, Sept 2011 
• Elected Senior Member IEEE 
• Elected Fellow, Institution of Engineers(India)  
• General Manager's Best Officer Award and Efficiency Medal 2000, South Eastern Railway 
• UPSC() Engineering Services (Electrical) Exam 1983 National Second Rank 
• IIT Joint Entrance Exam 1978 All India Rank 231 
• Pre-University (Science) University Topper 1978, offered admission to IIT Bombay B.Tech(Elect) under University Rank Holders Direct Admission

Consulting Interests:

Energy,transport, supply chain, procurement and logistics

Current Projects:

• [Research Project] On heuristics for the development of locomotive and crew links for large railways

Past Projects:

• [Consultancy- with Ashok Banerjee & Debashis Saha] Business Process Reengineering and Change Management for the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of West Bengal, 2019-20 
• [Consultancy- with Anju Seth & Sudhir Jaiswall] Designing a Central Public Sector Enterprises Scorecard Index for Comptroller & Auditor General of India, 2019-20
• [Consultancy] World Bank and Deloitte project on rail capacity modeling for Indian Railways using GIS, 2019-20
• [with Shoji Shiba, Shekhar Chaudhuri, Manabendra Nath Pal, TT Narendran, and Ashok Mittal] Program Design, Curriculum development, and rollout of Post-Graduate Program for Executives for Visionary Leadership in Manufacturing (PGPEX-VLM) in collaboration with IIT Kanpur, IIT Madras, Ministry of Human Resources Development, National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council, Confederation of Indian Industry and Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2006-2008
• [with B.B.Chakraborti, Anindya Sen and other faculty of Mentoring Task Force] Site selection and logistics for launching of 91��Ƭ�� Ranchi , 2009-10
• [Consultancy Project with Leena Chatterjee, Bhaskar Chakrabarti and Ranjan Mitter] Independent Evaluation of Procurement and Supply Chain of National AIDS Control Program. Project commissioned by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 2007
• [Consultancy Project with Ramanuj Majumdar and Sushil Khanna]Formulation of Business and Marketing Plan for Dedicated Freight Corridors of Indian Railways. Project commissioned by Railway Board, Ministry of Railways, Government of India 2009
• [with Shoummo Acharya]Planning Commission Working Group on Logistics, Government of India 2006-07

Experience

Work Experience:

• Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers(renamed as Indian Railway Management Service) 1989-2006: 
  Director, Research Design & Standards Organization(RDSO ), Ministry of Railways, Lucknow 
  Professor, Indian Railway Institute of Electrical Engineering(IRIEEN ), Ministry of Railways, Nasik 
  Deputy Chief Electrical Engineer, South Eastern Railway , Kolkata 
  Assistant Divisional Electrical Engineer, Divisional Electrical Engineer, Senior Divisional Electrical Engineer, Waltair Division, South Eastern Railway, Visakhapatnam 
• Central Power Engineering Service 1985-1989: Assistant Director(Hydro-Tidal), Central Electricity Authority , Ministry of Power, New Delhi 
• Visiting Faculty, XLRI Jamshedpur
• Sole and Joint Arbitrator for Government Contracts
• ISO 9001 Lead Auditor 
• Certified Independent Director, World Council of Directors & Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs(Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India) empanelled Independent Director (Registration No  IDDB-DI-202408-063840)
• Member, Academic Council, Bharathidasan Institute of Management (Tiruchirapalli). https://bim.edu/index/academic-council/
• Member, Advisory Board, IFPPM (Institute for Practical Project Management), Canada  
• Academic Service at 91��Ƭ��: 
  Dean(Academic) 
  Director, 91��Ƭ�� Innovation Park  
  Founder Coordinator, PGPEX-VLM Programme /programs/pgpex-vlm 
  Provost & Chairperson, Students Activities Committee 
  Chairperson, Fellow Programme & Research Committee /programs/doctoral 
  Member, Academic Council, Fellow Programme & Research Committee, Placement Committee, Publications Committee, LDP Committee, MBAEX Committee, PGPEX-VLM Committee, Management Center for Human Values Committee 
  Member, Board of Governors Building & Works Committee, Regulations Drafting Committee, Code of Conduct Drafting Committee, Digital Transformation Committee & Financial Sustainability Committee
• Member, Editorial Committee, Journal of Human Values  

Research

Journal Publications:

• Bodhibrata Nag, Samir Maity(Aalborg University), and Ayan Chatterjee(SPJIMR), "Towards Green Freight Transportation Using Train Design Optimization", Global Business Review, Date of Publication: 01 November 2022, DOI: . It is imperative to re-design the freight transport modal mix to ensure a shift from road to rail to limit energy consumption and global GHG emissions. However, one of the main barriers to the shift is the ability of the railways to handle consignments from customers with less than “unit” train loads. In such cases, railways have to combine consignments from different customers to form “unit” trains. Combining consignments is a train design optimization process involving designing a trip plan with the minimum number of trains formed and satisfying a set of conditions. However, manually optimizing train design for high-density freight traffic is challenging and practically impossible. Hence, it is essential to develop an automated train design optimization methodology that railways can quickly implement. Among several conditions of train formation, the two key constraints are the ‘number of work events’ and ‘number of block swaps.’ However, the existing literature considers either of these two constraints in a single decision-making model. We have proposed a train design optimization method based on a genetic algorithm with a priority generator to simultaneously consider both the abovementioned constraints. The train design optimization method developed has also been demonstrated using real-life data. 
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan), John Crowcroft(University of Cambridge) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "Will Catastrophic Cyber-Risk Aggregation Thrive in the IoT Age? An Economic Take on Managing Aggregate Heavy-Tailed Risks", ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, Volume 12, Issue 2, May 2021, Article No.: 17, pp 1–36,
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan), John Crowcroft(University of Cambridge), Yong Li (Tsinghua University), Sasu Tarkoma (University of Helsinki) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "Preference-Based Privacy Markets", IEEE Access (Volume 8), Date of Publication: 07 August 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3014882 
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan), Konstantinos Psounis(University of Southern California), John Crowcroft(University of Cambridge), Pan Hui (University of Helsinki) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "When Are Cyber Blackouts in Modern Service Networks Likely?: A Network Oblivious Theory on Cyber (Re)Insurance Feasibility", ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, Vol. 11, No. 2, Article 5 (July 2020),
• Bodhibrata Nag and Ashok Banerjee, "On a few strategies for a sustainable turnaround of the Indian Railways", Journal of Institute of Public Enterprise (2016) Volume 39, Issue 1 & 2, Page 16-36. Available at The paper focuses on evaluation of the few turn around strategies available with the Indian Railways to improve its operating ratio. The strategies examined are (a) choice of electric traction and the pace of electrification (b) improvement of utilization of network capacity (c) bench marking of maintenance expenses (d) bench marking staff deployment and (e) inflation indexed tariff. The paper demonstrates that judicious application of these strategies can have substantial impact on the profit margin of the Indian Railways. 
• Bodhibrata Nag,"Combating Corruption in Indian Public Procurement- some exploratory case studies", Journal of Institute of Public Enterprise (2015) Volume 38, Issue 1 & 2, Page 1-34.Available at This paper has adopted the exploratory case study method of analyzing a few recent cases of public procurement irregularities documented by the vigilance departments and the CAG available in public domain to inquire into the following issues :(a) how do irregularities and instances of corruption persist in spite of safeguards and thereby find the deficiencies of the current procurement processes and control mechanisms, (b) recommending appropriate corruption prevention methods for arresting the deficiencies in the Indian context. The recommendations following the case analyses are the need for comprehensive set of measures including strengthening the accountability, monitoring and whistleblower mechanisms, training of procurement officials and building a strong information system. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, "A MIP model for scheduling India's General Elections and Police movement", OPSEARCH(Springer) (Oct–Dec 2014) 51(4):562–576. DOI Conducting the General Elections for the 543 members of the Parliament of India across the 833 thousand polling stations spread over the 35 States is a mammoth exercise. Deployment of the Central Police Forces is essential to complement the role of the State police during the elections. However paucity of Central Police Forces necessitates the conduct of elections over stages. This paper proposes and demonstrates a MIP model to (a) schedule the elections with a minimum number of stages (b) sourcing the appropriate number of security personnel from the most convenient Central Police Forces bases (c)scheduling movement of security personnel between stages with the objective of minimizing men-miles. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Public Procurement- case study of the Indian Railways", Journal of Institute of Public Enterprise (2013) Volume 36, Issue 1 & 2, Page 45-70. Indian Railways is one of the world’s largest public sector organizations. Its network, traffic, organization and extent of vertical integration are gigantic. This paper undertakes a critical examination of its procurement process to understand the procedures and institutional mechanisms which have evolved over time for safeguarding institutional interests. The paper examines issues such as organizational structure, procurement organization, source selection methodology, procurement oversight and regulation and their impact on the economy, efficiency, transparency and accountability aspects of procurement. It is found that a unique combination of internal vigil, external oversight by independent bodies and organizational characteristics contribute to robust procurement processes. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, "A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Optimal Design of Tidal Power Plants", Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B(Springer)(2013) Volume 94, Issue 1, Page 43-51. DOI . Awarded the "The Union Ministry of Energy-Department of Power Prize" for the best paper published on Power Development and Utilization at the 29th Indian Engineering Congress 2014. A dynamic programming algorithm is proposed and demonstrated on a test case to determine the optimum operating schedule of a barrage tidal power plant to maximize the energy generation over a tidal cycle. Since consecutive sets of high and low tides can be predicted accurately for any tidal power plant site, this algorithm can be used to calculate the annual energy generation for different technical configurations of the plant. Thus an optimal choice of a tidal power plant design can be made from amongst different design configurations yielding the least cost of energy generation. Since this algorithm determines the optimal time of operation of sluice gate opening and turbine gates opening to maximize energy generation over a tidal cycle, it can also be used to obtain the annual schedule of operation of a tidal power plant and the minute-to-minute energy generation, for dissemination amongst power distribution utilities. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Katta G.Murty(University of Michigan), "Organizing National Elections in India to Elect the 543 Members of the Lok Sabha", Algorithmic Operations Research 7(2013): 55–70. Available at & There are 833 thousand polling stations in all of the 543 parliamentary constituencies spread over 35 states of India. On the day elections are being held in any one of these polling stations, a minimum of 4 Central Police Force(CPF) personnel must be deployed there, to maintain law and order and guarantee that voters can vote freely without being intimidated by anyone. As the number of CPF personnel available for this activity is limited, it is not possible to hold the Indian General elections on a single day over the whole country. So the set of 35 States of India is partitioned into a number of subsets, with elections in each subset of states being held on a single day. This partition is required to satisfy the constraints that the states in each subset are contiguous, and the subsets themselves must be contiguous. We present a method for organizing the Indian General Elections subject to these constraints, and minimizing the total number of election days required, and the total cost for the movement of CPF personnel involved. The method is based on the shortest Hamiltonian path problem, a tour segmentation problem defined in the paper, and the bipartite minimum cost flow problem. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, Jeetendra Singh and Ved Mani Tiwari,"Choosing the appropriate project management structure, project financing, land acquisition and contractual process for Indian railway mega-projects: a case study of the Dedicated Freight Corridor project", Journal of Project, Program & Portfolio Management, 3 (2012): 39-54. Available at & A large number of railway mega-projects are planned or are under implementation for capacity augmentation, for serving the needs of trade, specific regions or industry sectors. Since transport capacity is one of the main levers of economic progress, it is essential that augmentation of transport capacity is not held up. It is therefore essential to choose the appropriate project management structure, project financing, land acquisition and contractual process to ensure design, construction and commissioning of projects without cost and time overruns. These choices have to be made keeping in view the context of the organisational technical capacity, financial capability, contractor capacity, and industry and trade growth pattern. This paper examines the various project management structures, methods of project financing, land acquisition and contractual processes along with their advantages and disadvantages. The paper takes the specific case of the Dedicated Freight Corridor project to examine the appropriateness of options. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Katta G. Murty(University of Michigan), "Diesel locomotive fueling problem (LFP) in railroad operations", 49 OPSEARCH(Springer)(2012):315–333. DOI About 75 % of the world’s railroads operate with diesel fuel. Even though European railroads rely on electric traction to a large extent, US railroads rely mostly on diesel fuel (100 % of US freight is hauled by diesel locomotives). Like in other industries there is intense competition to keep costs low; and in railroad operations based on diesel locomotives, the cost of fuel and its delivery is the major component of the overall cost. Since the cost of fuel is highly location dependent (due to local taxes and transportation costs between supply and demand points), locomotive fueling problem discussed in this paper is a critical problem in railroad operations. Given: the set of yards, the set of trains to operate, the locomotive assignments to trains, and the fuel cost and capacity data; this problem deals with finding the fueling plan for the various trains to minimize the total cost of fueling the locomotives. We describe three different algorithms, two based on greedy method and one using MIP model, that we used to solve this problem and highlight the summary of solutions obtained by each of them for comparisons of these algorithms.

Conferences:

Papers in Peer-reviewed Conference Proceedings: 

• Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Bodhibrata Nag, Sander Zeijlemaker(MIT Sloan School of Management) , and Michael Siegel(MIT Sloan School of Management), "Sustaining Capital-boosted Cyber Reinsurance Markets Using Cat Bonds", INFORMS Winter Simulation Conference (December 2025) Cyber insurance (CI) markets improve the cybersecurity of companies (enterprises) in theory. This theory is increasingly being validated in practice in multiple enterprises that buy cyber insurance. However, the supply-demand gap in the CI market is huge and stretches over a trillion dollars. The primary reason being that cyber reinsurance companies do not have sufficient capital to serve their CI company clients through profitable cyber-risk portfolio diversification. This capital problem is subsequently rooted in the fundamental challenge of enterprise cyber posture information asymmetry that has plagued the CI industry since its inception. A radical capital-boosting mechanism proposed by researchers and deployed within the industry in the last two years is an insurance-linked security (ILS) product such as a catastrophic (CAT) bond. In this paper, we present arguments on why, how, and when CAT bonds help sustain capital-boosted reinsurance markets complemented by innovative AI/ML-driven inside-out cyber posture scanning solutions.
• Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "A Mathematical Theory to Price Cyber-Cat Bonds boosting IT/OT Security", INFORMS Winter Simulation Conference (December 2023) The density of enterprise cyber (re-)insurance markets to manage (aggregate) enterprise cyber-risk has been low enough to realize their potential to significantly improve cyber-security and consequently the cyber-reliability of (ICS) enterprise ecosystems. In this paper, we propose the use of catastrophic (CAT) bonds as a radical and alternative residual cyber-risk management methodology to alleviate the big supply-demand gap in the current cyber (re-)insurance industry, by boosting capital injection in the latter industry. Two important follow up questions arise: (i) when is it feasible for cyber (re-)insurers to invest in CAT bonds? and (ii) how can we price cyber-CAT bonds conditioned on the feasibility condition(s)? We focus on answering the second question pivoted upon an existential answer to the first. We propose a novel practically motivated information asymmetry (IA) driven cyber-CAT bond pricing model, built upon theories of financial stochastic processes and Monte Carlo simulations, in realistic arbitraged incomplete markets. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Ranjan Pal, "Simulation Optimization for Supply Chain Decision Making," INFORMS Winter Simulation Conference (December 2022) Supply chain design and optimization have been a subject of interest for academia and industry alike. We focus on stochastic and hybrid models in this paper since they closely approximate reality. This paper explains the structure of supply chains, decisions required to be taken in a typical supply chain, and models developed for supply chain design and optimization. The paper further explores optimization via simulation to solve stochastic and hybrid models, its applications in the supply chain domain and future research directions arising out of recent emphasis on sustainability, robustness and resilience of supply chains and the opportunities offered by advances in Industry 4.0, Machine Learning and Big Data. 
• Simon J. E. Taylor(Brunel University, London), Wentong Cai(Nanyang Technological University), L. Jeff Hong(Fudan University), Bodhibrata Nag, Chew Ek Peng(National University of Singapore), and Claudia Szabo(University of Adelaide), "Simulation and Artificial Intelligence: A Foundation for a New, Reimagined Tomorrow?", INFORMS Winter Simulation Conference (December 2022) 
• Anjan Ghosh and Bodhibrata Nag, "Re-engineering the Case Method for tomorrow," North American Case Research Association Conference(October 2022) 
• Charles Light, Yixuan Wang, Ranjan Pal, and Bodhibrata Nag, "How do Smart Citizens Favor Personal Data Markets under Surveillance Capitalism?", INFORMS Society for Marketing Science (ISMS) Conference (June 2022) We investigate and rationalize how individuals in a surveilled developing economic society value a human-centric data economy (HCDE). We first design and conduct a non-online pilot field experiment on approximately 22500 human subjects across smart cities in India from 2014-2019, and collect data reflecting the impact of monetary incentives on these subjects to voluntarily trade their (personal) data in the digital surveillance age. Consequently, we study how various degrees of incentive influence subject preferences - both, when they are, or are not well-informed about the commercial malpractices their personal data might be subjected to. We analyze and rationalize (from the viewpoint of behavioral economics) two main observations in general for the Indian population: (i) despite being warned of the commercial malpractices associated with their personal data in the mobile and IoT age, they prefer to trade data for incentives, and (ii) the willingness of individuals to trade personal data is statistically heavy-tailed and hints at following a weak power-law. The broader social impact of such HCDEs lie on three fronts: (1) a society preferring HCDEs will likely enable high-quality personal data to be collected by online (social) applications in a trustworthy fashion that subsequently will catalyse a much-improved AI-driven multi-stakeholder targeted advertising business, (2) the GDP-centric macroeconomic inequality in a developing economy might considerably reduce due to online (social) application users earning from their personal data, and (3) much to the like of these application businesses, users will invest in increased time and meaningful attention to the former that will act as upward spiral feedbacks on improved personal data collection. 
• Samir Maity, Bodhibrata Nag and Sushovan Khatua, "Leveraging Machine Learning of Indian Railways Public Procurement Data for Managerial Insights", International Conference on Data Analytics in Public Procurement and Supply Chain (June 2022)
• Samir Maity, Bodhibrata Nag, and Sushovan Khatua, "Leveraging Machine Learning of Indian Railways Public Procurement Data for Managerial Insights", Chapter of book ‘Applications of Emerging Technologies and AI/ML Algorithms‘ (Springer, forthcoming)  
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "How Do Humans Value Privacy in Smart Cities?", INFORMS Winter Simulation Conference (December 2021) The concept of a human-centric data economy (HCDE) in which an individual's data, used for e-commerce, should be paid for, is on the rise. However, HCDEs can only be successfully operational only if humans voluntarily prefer to trade their data, despite the privacy risks accompanying such a trade. In this paper, we investigate and rationalize how humans value their data privacy. We run a pilot non-online experiment in certain smart cities in India to study the impact of monetary incentives on the privacy preference of 22.5K human subjects. Through this experiment, we study (a) how various degrees of incentive influence human preference to voluntarily trade their data (a proxy to privacy) with the demand side of the digital economy - both, when they are, or are not well-informed in prior about the commercial malpractices their personal data might be subjected to, and (b) underlying social patterns that characterize these preferences. 
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan), Bodhibrata Nag, Jonathan Crowcroft, Swades De, "Consensual Privacy Trading Will Improve Societal Privacy Welfare", INFORMS Conference on Security(February 2020) In this era of IoT/mobile apps, huge quantities of surveillance data about consumer activities offer opportunities for economic and societal value creation. However, they equally open up channels for consumer privacy breaches. In this talk we detail the need and modalities of consensual privacy trading – a pioneering idea we introduce (and mathematically validate) that allows economically efficiently trading consumer personal information with their consent and return benefits, rather than non-consensually ‘stealing’ this data, as many commercially motivated firms do. The major societal impact behind such an idea is the improvement in privacy welfare between consumers and data gatherers. 
• Ranjan Pal(University of Michigan), Leana Golubchik, Konstantinos Psounis, Jonathan Crowcroft, John Kelly, Bodhibrata Nag, "A Cautionary Look at Cyber-risk Management for Modern Cyber-infrastructures", INFORMS Conference on Security(February 2020) Service liability interconnections among modern IT/IoT-networked service organizations create potential channels for (catastrophic) cascading service disruptions due to cyber-risks posed by state-of-the-art DDoS, APT, and ransomware hacks. In this talk we discuss the role of the liability network topology and statistical cyber-risk distributions on the feasibility and effectiveness of the growing and much needed risk management services (e.g., cyber-insurance) for modern cyber/critical-infrastructures, and provide cautionary suggestions for the development of such markets for the welfare of society. 
• Somu Gorai, Sanjeet Singh, Bodhibrata Nag, “Integrated Production Planning and Multi-echelon Inventory Placement for Dairy Products”, XXIII Annual International Conference of the Society of Operations Management (SOM 2019) 
• Bodhibrata Nag(2013).Heavy Haul Corridor Selection and Service Design Models in Proceedings of 10th Heavy Haul International Conference,February 2013, New Delhi. Available at SSRN: Heavy haul corridors are capital intensive and are relatively expensive to maintain. It is therefore imperative that heavy haul corridors are chosen with care, such that sufficient traffic is available on the corridors to ensure adequate returns. The strategic choice will be dictated by projected pattern and volume of freight traffic, projected pattern of passenger traffic and terminal facilities. Various choices may be obtained with different rolling stock and locomotive capacity to obtain scenarios with existing and future fleet characteristics, as well as future terminal facilities. Further, tactical operating plans for networks with heavy haul corridors should be designed properly to ensure maximum utilization of such corridors with a given set of customer demands, rolling stock and locomotive size and capacity, terminal facilities and capacity of peripheral networks. Such operating plans which might span from a fortnight to three months, include decisions regarding routes, frequency of services, aggregation and disaggregation policies, empties repositioning policies and direct or consolidating train service policies. These operating plans may also depend on the service level committed to a customer, which is again tied to a particular pricing. This paper proposes two operations research based models: (i) a model for choosing a heavy haul corridor(s) within an existing network and (ii) a model for design of an optimal operating plan for an existing network with a designated heavy haul corridor(s). The models are further demonstrated on a hypothetical railroad network with test data. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Jeetendra Singh(2012).A multi-criteria approach for railway project portfolio selection in Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Transportation Planning & Implementation Methodologies for Developing Countries, December 2012, Mumbai. Available at SSRN: In an emerging economy, transport planners have a difficult task of allocating scarce and costly capital amongst the available shelf of railway projects to effectively meet the increasing demands for railway infrastructure. Hitherto, a single criterion such as IRR was being used for ranking and selection of railway projects; however of late, planners have realized the need to incorporate other economic and strategic criteria too in project portfolio selection. There is thus now a need for an analytical tool to assist the decision makers in systematically evaluating the options for optimal allocation of capital amongst railway projects, using various criteria simultaneously. This paper proposes a two-phase analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal solution (TOPSIS)-Global Criteria approach for the purpose, wherein AHP is used to determine the weights of each criterion based on the planners’ evaluation of their relative importance. A single objective function is then obtained using TOPSIS-Global Criteria approach, which is used to identify the optimal capital allocation amongst competing projects. The methodology is demonstrated on a test case of a shelf of railway projects to obtain the best project portfolio fund allocation within the available capital resources. 
• Bodhibrata Nag(2006).Survey of Operations Research Applications in Railways in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Operations & Quantitative Management, August 2006, Jaipur Bodhibrata Nag(2006).Facility Location on Railway Networks in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Operations & Quantitative Management, August 2006, Jaipur Bodhibrata Nag and Manabendra Nath Pal(2004).Optimal Design of Timetables to maximize schedule reliability and minimize energy consumption, rolling stock and crew deployment in Proceedings of 2nd UIC(International Congress of Railways) Energy Efficiency Conference,February 2-4, 2004, Paris. Available at SSRN: and  

Papers presented in conferences:

• Bodhibrata Nag(October 2010).Operations Research Opportunities in the Railroad Industry. Paper presented at 12th Annual Midwest Optimization Meeting, Wayne State University, Detroit 
• Bodhibrata Nag, Manabendra Nath Pal and Sourav Basu(September 2008).Location of intermodal terminals for freight movement in an existing rail network: a strategic planning model. Paper presented at XIV Latin Ibero-American Congress on Operations Research, Cartagena de Indias. 
• Bodhibrata Nag (October 2007). Analytic Modeling of Railway Capacity. Paper presented at 8th International Conference on Operations & Quantitative Management, Bangkok 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Shekhar Chaudhuri (November 2006). Indian Management Education: Perspective & Challenges. Paper presented at International Conference on Management Education, Bangalore 
• Bodhibrata Nag(April 2005). Optimal Design of Timetables to maximize schedule reliability, Paper presented at LRDSS Academia-Industry Partnership Workshop, Vadodara 

Invited talks:

• Industry Magnates Premier Podcast: FaceTime with Leaders - A WDC Initiative(2025)  
• "Sustainable Development", Talk given at Rotary Club Peace Summit(2024)
• "Lean Management", Talk given at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Ministry of Railways (2023) 
• "On Academic Publishing", The Economics Society ,Shri Ram College of Commerce, University of Delhi(2023) 
• Invited panelist for a discussion on ""Shaping the Future of Management Education in Sustainable Emerging Economies", IIT Roorkee (2022) 
• “Quality Management in Loco Sheds”, Talk given at Indian Railway Institute of Electrical Engineering, Ministry of Railways (2021) 
• "The Business of Railways", Vinod Gupta School of Management, IIT Kharagpur(2019).
• "Freight Network Design and Tanker Scheduling", Talk given at Indian Maritime University, Kolkata Campus(2018). 
• "Effective Leadership -a key for project success", Talk given at National Seminar on Objectives & Challenges of Project Management organized by Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers and Indian Chemical Council, Kolkata(2017) 
• "Building an Impactful Academic Career", 91��Ƭ�� Rohtak(2016). 
• "Modal Shift- Infrastructure and Policy Imperatives". Talk given at EU-India Research & Innovation Partnership for Efficient and Sustainable Freight Transportation (REINVEST) International Workshop, IIT Bombay (2016) 
• "Focused Teams & Enlightened Leadership-the key to successful projects". Keynote address given at IBM's Project Management Sharenet (2014) 
• "Two Greedy Heuristics for the Diesel Locomotive Fuelling Problem in Railroad Operations". Talk given at National Workshop on Optimization and its Application hosted by ORSI-Durgapur Chapter(2013) 
• "Academia-Industry collaborations: lessons from the US". Talk given at Ministry of Human Resource Development's Eastern Regional Workshop on Industry-Academia Collaboration for Greater Employability, IIEST(2013) 
• "Operations Research Applications in Railways". Talk given at Industrial and Operations Engineering Department of College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor(2010). 
• "Leading High-Performing R&D Project Teams". Talk given at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre(Department of Atomic Energy), Kolkata(2010) 
• "Supply Chain Management in Retail- the road ahead". Talk given at Retail Estate Summit organized by Indian Chamber of Commerce, Kolkata(2008) 
• "Operations Research Applications on Railways". Talk given at Institute of Rail Transport, Ministry of Railways,New Delhi(2007) 
• "Equipment Management Systems- Latest trends". Talk given at 7th Indian Army Management Studies Board Meeting at College of Military Engineering, Pune(2007).
• "State of Logistics in India". Keynote address at National Seminar on Supply Chain Management, Visakhapatnam(2007). 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Shekhar Chaudhuri (October 2006).Achieving Excellence with Equity in Management Education in India. Talk given at AIMS Directors & Deans Round Table, Kolkata. 
• "Petri Nets: Theory & Applications". Tutorial Session at 7th International Conference on Operations & Quantitative Management, Jaipur(2006).

Research Interests:

Application of simulation and analytic techniques for planning, design and operations of energy, transportation, logistics systems and cyber security 

Society Memberships: 

• Elected Senior Member,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 
• Elected Fellow & Chartered Engineer, Institution of Engineers (India) 
• Life Member, All India Management Association (AIMA) 
• Life Member, Institute of Rail Transport 
• Life Member,Association of Indian Management Scholars 
• Life Senior Member,Operations Research Society of India 
• Life Member,Indian Institute of Public Administration 
• Member, Public Procurement Professionals Network 
• Member,International Association for Railway Operations Research 
   

Books/Book Chapters:

Books: 

• Bodhibrata Nag, Mahesh Devnani (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh), Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management), "Navigating the Ethereal- Ethical Frameworks in AI for Healthcare", Chapter of book "Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Applications" (CRC Press, June 2025)  
• Bodhibrata Nag, "The Evolution of Ethical Standards and Guidelines in AI," Chapter of book "Responsible Implementations of Generative AI for Multidisciplinary Use" (IGI Global, September 2024)  AI ethics focuses on the systematic study of what is right and wrong, with the aim of providing principles to resolve ethical dilemmas. AI products, such as deepfakes, have raised concerns about their potential to disrupt traditional industries, devalue human work, and threaten intellectual property rights. AI ethics are intertwined with the need for an understanding of potential risks and benefits. We can categorize AI ethics into principles-based, processes-based, and ethical consciousness approaches. Key themes emerging from AI ethics include transparency, justice, fairness, non-maleficence, responsibility and accountability, privacy, beneficence, freedom and autonomy, trust in AI, dignity, sustainability, and solidarity. The development of AI ethics requires defining universally applicable guidelines and promoting global collaboration. Collaboration between industry, academia, and the public is critical for detecting and evaluating AI-generated content, addressing the social and economic impacts of AI displacements, and building public trust in AI technologies.
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Generative AI: Case Studies and Insights,", Chapter of book "Responsible Implementations of Generative AI for Multidisciplinary Use" (IGI Global, September 2024)  Generative AI, based on neural networks, is transforming the creation of content like text, images, music, and interactive digital experiences. However, it raises ethical and practical questions about the authenticity of AI-generated works, intellectual property rights, and the role of creators. AI is also transforming journalism by integrating algorithms and automation, but raises ethical concerns about potential biases and transparency. To address these issues, the sector should set clear standards, promote diversity, and encourage cooperation among technologists, artists, ethicists, and policymakers.
• Samir Maity, Bodhibrata Nag, and Sushovan Khatua, "Leveraging Machine Learning of Indian Railways Public Procurement Data for Managerial Insights", Chapter of book ‘Applications of Emerging Technologies and AI/ML Algorithms‘ (Springer, July 2023) https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-1019-9_8 This chapter proposes and demonstrates (a) a supervised machine learning methodology to predict the expenditure incurred on procurement, repair, and reconditioning of components as well as expenditure incurred on procurement of fuel based on the performance of the Indian Railways and (b) an unsupervised machine learning methodology to classify the good and poor performing administrative zones, using the data of expenditure incurred on procurement, repair, and reconditioning of components as well as expenditure incurred on procurement of fuel and the performance. The first methodology will aid managers in determining whether the expenditure incurred is more than what should be incurred. Further, it may also benefit the managers in fine-tuning the frequency of replacement of components. The second methodology will assist managers in searching for best practices of maintenance in good-performing zones, which can be propagated in the poor-performing zones to lower the overall expenditure on maintenance. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, Business Applications of Operations Research. (New York: Business Expert Press, 2013). ISBN 978-1606495261. Available at
  and  
  Recommended by LINDO SYSTEMS INC:  
  
  Limited version of LINGO software required for the book can be accessed here: 
   
  
  The LINGO programs used in the book can be downloaded from 
  
• Frederick S.Hillier, Gerald J. Lieberman, Bodhibrata Nag and Preetam Basu, Special 11th Indian Edition of Introduction to Operations Research. (New Delhi:McGraw Hill, 2021).ISBN 978-9354601200, Available at  
• Frederick S.Hillier, Gerald J. Lieberman, Bodhibrata Nag and Preetam Basu, Special 10th Indian Edition of Introduction to Operations Research. (New Delhi:McGraw Hill, 2017).ISBN 978-9339221850. Available at  
• Frederick S.Hillier, Gerald J. Lieberman, Bodhibrata Nag and Preetam Basu, Special 9th Indian Edition of Introduction to Operations Research. (New Delhi:McGraw Hill, 2012). ISBN 978-0071333467. Available at  
• Bodhibrata Nag,Optimal Design of Timetables for Large Railways: a framework to maximise schedule robustness and minimise resource deployment, using a multi-objective mathematical model. (2010). Available at , ISBN 978-3838338491 
• Book Chapters in Case Studies in Operations Research-Applications of Optimal Decision Making:International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, Vol. 212 (New York:Springer,2015), ISBN 978-1-4939-1006-9:  
• Katta G. Murty, Bodhibrata Nag, and Omkar D. Palsule-Desai, "Freight Transport by Rail" While the freight railroad industry has been in existence for about 200 years, the procedure used for combining freight rail-cars into blocks based on their destination yards (also referred to as nodes in this chapter) and other attributes, and then assembling blocks into trains has essentially remained the same. Based on customer orders on hand for transporting goods wagons; and the origin, destination, and other attributes like physical dimensions, freight type etc., the railway generates a trip plan detailing the movement of each rail-car from its origin yard to its specified destination yard. The main components of the trip plan are: (a) how to combine the rail-cars at each rail yard into groups called blocks, this is known as the block design problem, (b) designing trains to operate; identifying the origin, destination, route for each individual train, and along the route what blocks to pick up, drop off at different yards along the route; this is known as the “Block-to-train assignment (BTA) and train routing” problem, and also referred to as the Train Design Problem. In this chapter we discuss this train design problem only assuming that blocks have already been formed at each of the yards; and the data on the origin, destination, number of rail-cars, length, tonnage of each block to be transported is given. This is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem encountered in the railroad industry.
•  Bodhibrata Nag and Katta G. Murty,"Diesel Locomotive Fueling Problem (LFP) in Railroad Operations"  
• Bodhibrata Nag and Katta G. Murty,"Organizing National Elections in India to Elect the 543 Members of the Lok Sabha"

Articles/Cases:

• By Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "How to manage cyber risk in AI LLM-driven pharmaceutical supply chains", Forbes (2025),  
• By Cynthia Zhang (MIT School of Engineering), Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "How to manage GenAI cyber risk in industrial control systems", Forbes (2025),  
• By Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management), Sander Zeijlemaker(MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Importance of boosting insurance-driven cyber resilience in the Generative AI world",Forbes(2025),  
• By Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management), Yaphet Lemiesa (MIT School of Engineering), Michael Siegel (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "How Should Managers Use AI for Critical Infrastructure Risk Management?", Forbes (2025),  
• By Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "How systemic cyber risk management in software supply chains works with BOMs", Forbes (2024),    
• By Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management), Peihan Liu (Harvard University), Bodhibrata Nag, Mahesh Devnani (PGIMER Chandigarh), Surekha Kashyap (AFMC Pune), "5 challenges to ensuring cyber assurance in the medical AI business", Forbes (2024),    
• By Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Bodhibrata Nag, and Michael Siegel(MIT Sloan School of Management), "Three action items for sustainable cyber insurance-linked security markets", Forbes (2024),   
• By Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Bodhibrata Nag, and Michael Siegel(MIT Sloan School of Management), "3 things industrial control system enterprises should do to boost cyber-resilience",Forbes (2024),  
• By Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), and Bodhibrata Nag, "Considering insurance to manage IoT-driven catastrophic cyber-risk", Forbes(2024),   
• By Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Bodhibrata Nag, and Michael Siegel(MIT Sloan School of Management), "Cyber-security management landscape of the Indian automation industry: Overview, challenges, action points", Forbes(2024),
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Critical Path to a Country’s First Elections", Harvard Business School Case, 2023 In the case "Critical Path to a Country’s First Elections", students (in the shoes of the new Chief Election Commissioner of Novanterra) grapple with the complexities of preparing for the nation's inaugural democratic elections, mirroring the magnitude of the Indian General Elections and contending with a vast, varied terrain, tight budget and lack of experience. Amidst these rigorous planning and execution stages, the CEC emphasizes maintaining transparency and building public trust, knowing the world's eyes are on Novanterra's democratic metamorphosis. The operation's intricate timing is crucial in meeting Her Majesty's urgent expectations for a smooth transition to elected governance.
• By Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Cynthia Zhang, Bodhibrata Nag, and Michael Siegel, "Why AI in cybersecurity needs to be part of business strategy to boost resilience", Forbes (2023)  
• Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management), Marsha Rodrigues, and Bodhibrata Nag, "The cyber-insurance vision is failing for ransomware attacks in India", Forbes (2023)
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Zongzis are sold out at Buddha Bowl again!", Harvard Business School Case, 2023 In this case, students receive several pieces of data that they (put in the shoes of a recently hired restaurant manager) can use to determine the "right" number of zongzi to produce every day to balance the objectives of customer satisfaction and reduction of wastage due to overproduction. Zongzi takes two days to prepare and deteriorates within 24 hours of production. This perishable nature of zongzi makes it an ideal way to introduce students to single-period inventory management systems.
• Ranjan Pal(MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "How vedic philosophies can help managers boost security posture in Indian corporations", Forbes (2023)  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management), Stuart Madnick (MIT Sloan School of Management), and Bodhibrata Nag, "How insurance-linked securities can improve cyber-security in India", Forbes (2023)  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag, "5 ways Indian medical administrations can boost hospital cyber-security", Forbes(2023)  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag,"How should regulators policy cyber insurance for Indian businesses?", Forbes (2023)  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT Sloan School of Management) and Bodhibrata Nag,"Vedas and Puranas can inspire enterprises to improve cyber-security posture: A cultural view of IT security governance in the wake of A91��Ƭ��S-like cyber-attacks", Times of India (2023)  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT & University of Cambridge), Charles Light and Bodhibrata Nag, "Why cyber-security needs to be a strategy in the infinite corporate game", Forbes (2022)
• Ranjan Pal (MIT & University of Cambridge) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Cyber-politics meets the statecraft game", Times of India (2022)
• Ranjan Pal (MIT & University of Cambridge) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Cyber-threat information sharing cooperative: Need of the hour", Forbes (2022),  
• Ranjan Pal (MIT & University of Cambridge) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Seven challenges against securing the systemic cyberspace in the industrial IoT age", Forbes(2022),  
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Seven Commandments of privacy governance in information capitalist societies", Forbes (2022),
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag,"Behavioural Economics: Why Indian urbanites may transparently sell their data?", Forbes(2022),
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Will insurance improve cyber-security practice for businesses?", Forbes(2022),
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Women Leadership in the Indian Corporate Sector - A Vedic insight", Economic Times(2021),
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al,"Few are averse to sharing personal data", Financial Express(2021)
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "Fixing the data economy, and economic inequality", Financial Express(2021)
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan) and Bodhibrata Nag et.al, "It's time for cyber-insurance to become personal in the WFH age", Forbes (2021)
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan), Samir Biswas (91��Ƭ��) and Bodhibrata Nag, "Negative runs can better the commerce and bat-ball fairness of T20s", Times of India (2021)  
• Ranjan Pal (University of Michigan), Jon Crowcroft (University of Cambridge), Mingyan Liu (University of Michigan), Swades De (IIT Delhi), Bodhibrata Nag. "In defence of a transparent economy for data capitalism", Forbes (2021)
• Ranjan Pal and Bodhibrata Nag, "The feasibility of cyber-risk management to ensure social good", Forbes (2020) The article throws light on cyber-risk management and risk mitigation becoming a top board-level concern across many organizations worldwide, as the majority of modern business and economic risks are subsequently becoming cyber in nature
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Project Utkarsh- Productivity Improvement at LPG SBU, HPCL", 91��Ƭ�� Case Research Centre, 2020 The case highlights how a difficult quality initiative was successfully implemented throughout a public sector organization through employee empowerment. The case shows the importance of employee engagement in driving quality improvement initiatives in organizations. 
• Bodhibrata Nag, "The Transformation of CPWD", 91��Ƭ�� Case Research Centre, 2020 The case highlights the organizational leadership which led to a radical turnaround of the Central Public Works Department (CPWD). It also brings out the fundamental issues that need to be addressed to improve program and project delivery.  
• Ranjan Pal and Bodhibrata Nag, "Only appropriate data", Economic Times (2019) The article speaks in detail about the need and modalities of consensual privacy trading. The basic pioneering idea introduced (and mathematically verified) by the authors is that of trading consumer personal information with their consent and return benefits, rather than `stealing' this data without providing incentives, for commercial use, as many search engines and social networking firms currently do. The major societal impact of such an idea is to guarantee a much deserved fairness to the consumer side in the inevitable personal data collection process characteristic of the modern digital age. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Runa Sarkar, "Towards Carbon Neutrality – the Integral Coach Factory of the Indian Railways",91��Ƭ�� Case Research Centre, 2019 This case is about the journey of Integral Coach Factory (ICF) of the Indian Railways towards attaining carbon neutrality through a mix of technological and managerial interventions. The ICF, a factory under Indian railways, a government department, was established in 1955 and is India’s oldest (and largest) railway coach manufacturing organisation. The initiatives through which the management approached the challenge of developing a mind-set among employees whose jobs (and to an extent progression) are guaranteed that respected the environment and valued efficiency have been discussed. Thus, there are instances of the introduction of new technology and material to improve efficiencies, and at the same time the management never lost sight of the 10,400 workers and created a sense of belongingness through mechanisms to honour the senior most member of the team regardless of his or her hierarchical position in the organisation. The role of government policy and incentives, and how the top management leveraged these is also highlighted, with respect to ICF’s investment in renewable energy. With many of the low hanging fruit towards environmental efficiency harvested, the case ends on the note of setting up systems to keep ICF on track towards greater sustainability in the future.
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Determinants of Profitability of US Class I Freight Railroads", Business Expert Press 978-1-94744-161-3 (2017) Expert Insights US Class I railroads have been operating profitably and carrying a substantial market share of traffic, in spite of the inherent disadvantages of rail transport as well as highly developed road, water, and air transport infrastructure available in the United States. This article examines the key initiatives that railroads have taken to reach this stage, as well as the factors that have enabled them to successfully deploy these initiatives. The article then discusses the implications of these measures in terms of long-term growth of the railroads and for the society. 
• Bodhibrata Nag and Ashok Banerjee, "Airport Express Metro Line: The Turnaround Story", 91��Ƭ�� Case Research Centre, 2017 /sites/all/files/case_studies_portal/delhi_metro_sneak_peek.pdf The case highlights how a public sector undertaking operationally turned around an entity run by a private operator. The learning from the case is contrary to the popular belief that private sector generally operates more efficiently than public sector. The case also shows the importance of framing of Concession Agreement and how a poorly drafted agreement can lead to disastrous results. The case describes DMRC ’s successful execution of metro project in New Delhi, India, and its experience of using public-private partnership for construction and operation of the Airport Express Metro Line (AEML). The case is intended for use in courses on Project Management, Risk Management, Project Finance, and Public Private Partnership. The case starts with its protagonist grappling with the situation following the abandonment of the project by its private partner (Reliance - CAF), and ends with its protagonist looking for further ways and means to rescue the project. The case provides a brief description of Delhi Metro project executed and operated by DMRC. The case describes the genesis of Airport Express Metro Line along with its unique public-private partnership financing structure. The construction and operations travails of the Airport Express Metro Line are then elaborated upon, further to which the project was abandoned by its private partner. The final part of the case deals with the efforts of public sector organization DMRC to make the service financially viable against many odds under which the project had been taken over after abandonment.
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Regulation and Competition of US Railways", Rail Business, Vol 7, Issue 35, July 2016.  
• Bodhibrata Nag and Ashok Banerjee, "Indian Railways: in quest of a sustainable turn-around", 91��Ƭ�� Case Research Centre, 2014 /indian-railways-quest-of-sustainable-turnaround The case focuses on evaluating the various turn around strategies available to the Indian Railways to improve its profit margin or operating ratio in railway industry parlance. Though Indian Railways is a government body,it is required to function as a commercial enterprise. It receives no budgetary support for its revenue expenses. It does receive some budgetary support for its capital expenditure, but has to pay dividends on the capital received until perpetuity. However, it does not have the freedom to decide on the pricing of transport products, the remuneration of its employees or close down services on un-remunerative sections of the network. It has to contend with powerful employee unions and demands of the populace and industry for more services and higher levels of service. This case is a typical illustration of demands made on public sector organizations operating in developing countries. The lessons derived from this case could well be applied to private sector enterprises operating in highly competitive environments, where the market forces decide the pricing. The case is intended for use in courses on costing and strategic management. The case could also be used for demonstrating the inherent problems of managing a public sector enterprise in a democratic country in a public systems course or searching for evidences of Leibenstein's X inefficiency concept in monopolies in an economics course.
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Comparison of Efficiency of Indian Railways with World Railways and Across Time Using Data Envelopment Analysis Technique", IRT Journal, Jan-Mar 2014. Available at SSRN:  
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Improving operations-A new paradigm through service network design and simulation", Rail Business, Vol 3, Issue 16, Nov-Dec 2012.Available at  
• Bodhibrata Nag,"The US Railroads: their evolution, structure and operations Part 1", IRT Journal, Jan-Jun 2012. Available at SSRN:
• Bodhibrata Nag,"The US Railroads: their evolution, structure and operations Part 2", IRT Journal, Jul-Sept 2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2323264
• Bodhibrata Nag, "US Higher Education System- Drivers of Excellence", India Education Review, Nov 2010. Available at SSRN: or  
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Toyota Talent-Book review", Decision(2009) 
• Bodhibrata Nag, "Analysis of Enercon Case", 32 Vikalpa(2007):123-127. Available at  

Working Papers:

• “Algorithms for Locomotive Fuelling Problem”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 663
• “Determinants of profitability of US Class I Freight Railroads”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 679 
   
• “A dynamic programming algorithm for optimal design and operation of tidal power plants”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 680 
• “Scheduling India’s General Elections”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 690 
• “A MIP model for scheduling India’s General Elections and police movement”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 697 
• “Public Procurement- a case study of the Indian Railways”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 698 
• “The US Railroads- their evolution, structure and operations”, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 699 
• A multi-criteria approach for railway project portfolio fund allocation, 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 702 
• "Heavy Haul Corridor Selection and Service Design Models", 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 709
• "Choosing the appropriate project management structure, project financing, land acquisition and contractual process for Indian railway mega-projects-a case study of the Dedicated Freight Corridor Project", 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 715 
• "Combating Corruption in Indian Public Procurement- some exploratory case studies", 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 755 
• "A multi- (depot, path, vehicle) 4D travelling purchaser problem for perishable and breakable items under disruption through quantum-inspired memetic algorithm", 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 819
• "Harmony Search Metaheuristic for Efficient Multiport Container Stowage Optimization", 91��Ƭ�� Working Paper 918